Protective effect of two anti-hepato toxic agents: silymarin and alpha-tocopherol against the subcellular toxicity induced by the hypolipidemic agent etofibrate

Etofibrate, a nicotinoyl derivative of clofibrate which belongs to the family of fibric acids. Both nicotinic acid and clofibrate are known for their hypolipidemic action and are used for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia. In the present study, the effect of three concentration levels of etofibrate on four rat liver lysosomal enzymes [Acid phosphatase, beta-Galactosidase, B, N-Acetyl glucosaminidase and b-Glucuronidase] for three incubation periods [30, 60 and 120 minutes] were studied in vitro, and were then compared with their combined effects together with a single therapeutic dose of each of two anti-hepato toxic agents. Silymarin and alpha-tocopherol [vitamin E] separately on the same enzymes for the same incubation periods. The results obtained showed that the three doses of etofibrate induced a marked releasing effect on the four lysosomal enzymes irrespect of the incubation time. Meanwhile, a considerable stabilization of these enzymes was observed when each of the two single doses for alpha-tocopherol and silymarin were used separately with etofibrate at the lowest concentration level

Effect of the hypolipidemic agent gemfibrozil and its combination with two anti-hepato toxic agents silymarin and alpha-tocopherol on rat liver lysosomal enzymes in vitro

Gemfibrozil, is a potent hypolipidemic agent used for the treatment of elevated levels of plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL]. In this study, the effect of three sole graded concentrations of gemfibrozil on four rat liver lysosomal acid hydrolases [Acid phosphatase, beta-Galactosidase, b.N. Acetyl glucosaminidase and beta-Glucuronidase] were studied for three incubation periods [30, 60 and 120 minutes] in vitro. The effect of the same concentration levels of gemfibrozil, each combined with a single therapeutic dose of two anti-hepatotoxic agents: silymarin and alpha-tocopherol on the same lysosomal enzymes for the same incubation periods were also investigated. The results of this study showed that gemfibrozil displayed a highly significant releasing effect on the four lysosomal enzymes regardless of the dose or the incubation time, and that such effect presists even in the presence of the two membrane protecting agents: silymarin and alpha tocopherol

Nutritional evaluation of certain dietary formulations containing skimmed milk prepared for pregnant and lactating women

In the present study, three products mixture were formulated [cake, biscuits, and macaroni] for pregnant and lactating women. Formula mixtures rich in sources of proteins, minerals, vitamins, and energy were constituted from lentil, chickpea, broad bean legumes, skimmed milk powder, and wheat flour. Determinations for protein efficiency ratio [PER] and biological value [BV] of each of the tested products proved that the protein contents, vitamins and minerals covered one third of recommended daily allowance [RDA], for pregnant and lactating women. The supplemented diets were of reasonable price and displayed high level of acceptability during sensory evaluation

Evidence for immune response of hamster against s mansoni

Immunity was employed according to the following protocol using adult male hamsters: Group 1 [injected subcutaneously with normal saline], group 2 [immunized subcutaneously with 150 irradiated cercariae/hamster [20 kRad]], and group 3 [infected subcutaneously with 150 normal cercariae/hamster [concomitant immunity]]. A total of 36 hamsters/group were reclassified into six subgroups according to the following sensitization period 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 84 days post-vaccination. At the end of each sensitization period, six hamsters were challenged through abdominal infection with 100 cercariae/hamster. Sera of blood samples withdrawn weekly post-cercarial challenge for 12 weeks were employed for monitoring of antibodies titer by the following three coating antigens [cercarial, egg and adult worm homogenates] using ELISA technique. The data obtained revealed that both control group 1 and reinfected group 3 displayed progressive immune at 4th and 5th weeks post-challenge [around the time of worm formation and egg-laying commences]. Sera of group 2 revealed that the use of cercarial homogenates, as a coating antigen, displayed early +ve antibody formations. The use of egg homogenate revealed +ve antibody formations during the time of egg-laying commences. Meanwhile, a wide range of +ve antibody formations were concomitant with the use of adult worm homogenate as a coating antigen. Sacrificing the hamster at the end of 12 weeks post-challenge and counting the number of worms revealed that best vaccination was displayed by irradiated cercariae, which elicited progressive resistance to S. mansoni infection that was increased by time of sensitization reaching a very highly significant in magnitude

Quality control applications on diagnostics employed in asparate aminotransferase[AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] determinations

In this investigation three lyophilized control sera in the normal and pathological ranges, in addition to patient's samples were used for performance of quality control regulations on two ready-made diagnostics for the determinations of AST and ALT by optimized UV method. Optimal conditions variance [OCV], routine conditions of variance [RCV], in addition to application of quality control and statistical calculation of patient's samples using the CUSUM technique, were applied. The results obtained and proved that UV optimized technique seemed to be reliable precise and accurate. AST and ALT of patient's samples determined by colorimetric and UV optimized technique revealed weak statistical correlation

Effect of discontinuation and subsequent administration of contraceptives, diuretics and their combination on hepatorenal functions

The present study is concerned with the effect of the single and combined administrations of short and long acting contraceptives as well as short and long acting diuretics on hepatorenal functions in rats. The experimental period was subdivided into three months administration followed by two months drug cessation and one month drug readministration. Blood samples were withdrawn from the rats at the end of the three time intervals to determine the level of total protein, albumin, globulin, SCOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, urea potassium and sodium. The following was concluded: Anovlar 1-chlorothiazide combination increased the alkaline phosphatase level. The elevation in the serum urea after contraceptives, decreased in the presence of the diuretics. Changes in the serum potassium concentration were mainly dependent on the existence of circulating drugs. Meanwhile, the decrease in potassium level was marked in diuretic treated animals. The combined administration of the test drugs induced partial improvement in the disturbances indicated in the sodium and potassium levels

Quality control of certain kits for clinical use

The present study is concerned with biochemical evaluation for clinical kits provided by EI-Nasr Pharmaceutical Co. Biochemical evaluation was performed for testing the applicability of the glucose and haemoglobin [Hb] kits for clinical used. The determination of the optimal condition of variance as well as the routine of variance coupled with statistical evaluations recommend the possible use of the new kits in clinical chemistry

Certain metabolic changes as influenced by five ovulatory steroids

Comparison between the effect of 5 oral ovulatory steroids namely: Anovlar-1, Primovlar, Ovral, Microvlar-30 and Nordette proved that all the test contraceptives caused well marked increases in the level of total serum protein and blood urea of adult female albino rats. Short lasting increases were indicated in the level of serum albumin and creatinine. The level of uric acid was shortly disturbed only after anovlar-l and primovlar. Other compounds were devoid from any effect. The disturbances indicated was referred to estrogen/progestogen concentration, the metabolites of the progestogen as well as their structural configuration. The 4 months experimental period did not cause any significant fluctuations of these parameters determined in the corresponding control group

Hepatorenal function as influenced by contraceptives, diuretics and their combination

The effect of short acting drugs namely; Anovlar [an oral 1 contraceptive drug] and Chlorothiazide [diuretic agent] as well as long acting drugs namely; Deladroxate [DDX, an injectable estrogen progesterone combination] and Hygroton [Chlorthalidon, a long acting diuretic] and their combination on hepatorenal function was studied using adult female albino rats. The experimental period lasted for three months to study their effects on the level of total serum protein, albumin, globulin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase [AP], uric acid, urea, potassium and sodium. The data proved that contraceptive drugs induced marked increase in AP and urea levels, whereas the diuretic drugs induced marked increase on the level of uric acid and decrease of electrolytic balance. Meanwhile, the combined administration of the test drugs induced synergistic effect that could be interpreted as definite disturbances in the hepatorenal function of the test animals. The results obtained were statistically analyzed and discussed